Animals in the American Popular Imagination
Virtual conference 12-16 September 2022
In his book Animals on Television (2017),
Brett Mills states that "representations of animals often function to
highlight cultural understandings about what it is to be human."
Nonhuman animals have been unwilling objects of the human gaze: humans
have been exploiting animals (real and imagined) on the basis, and the
attendant continued perpetuation, of self-assigned human superiority and
centrality. This anthropocentrism is also why humans primarily define
animals, their agency, their intelligence, their emotional lifeworlds,
etc. by projecting onto them human ideas and discourses. Innumerable
popular culture artifacts and performances revolve around nonhuman
animals, from reality TV shows on Animal Planet and iconic characters
such as Lassie to animals as parts of wrestler gimmicks and animals in
sports team names. These and other popular culture artifacts touch on
animal-related matters of all kinds, from narratives in which heroic
pets seem to take center stage to meat preparation and consumption. All
of these figurations of animals allow us to explore how we treat and
discursively construct animals.
This international conference will
focus on the representation of animals and human-animal relations in
American popular culture, in all its forms, across media, past and
present. While we list a few thematic clusters below, proposals that do
not fall into these will, of course, also be considered.
Currently confirmed keynotes: Brett Mills, Christy Tidwell. More TBA.
The program is organized and hosted by the PopMeC Association for US Popular Culture Studies and the Austrian Association for Cultural Studies, Cultural History, and Popular Culture.
Thematic Clusters
• Representations of animals in popular culture
Nonhuman
animals have been a fixture in film, TV series, comics and graphic
novels, music videos, reality TV shows, documentary films and series.
These representations tend to establish and perpetuate (or appropriate)
shared beliefs about, and stereotypes of, specific species.
Anthropomorphic animals roam Disney movies (and other popular culture
artifacts), while zoomorphism renders human characters and actors
animal-like (see also below). Crucially, animal representations in
popular culture do (purportedly) not only target human audiences. For
example, the official DOGTV website hails its programming as “the only
technology created for dogs with sights and sounds scientifically
designed to enrich their environment.” Dogs can watch other dogs
sleeping or running around. And the broadcaster’s YouTube channel is
filled with content that highlights that “dogs love to watch DOGTV.”
• From animality to bestiality: the human as nonhuman animal
Animality
and bestiality have been used as symbolic tools to exclude selected
subjects from the select group of “human” on the basis of race,
ethnicity, gender, sexuality, religion, etc. Asymmetric power structures
and purposeful discrimination have been connected to specific
discourses and representations, often relying on zoological metaphors
and constructions, as well as the creation of human-animal hybrid
monsters transgressing established social mores. At the same time,
though, animal symbolism often endows humans (and human characters) with
superhuman strength, agility, etc., which is why animal representations
(next to Indigenous peoples) are frequently used as sports team names
and sports mascots.
• Commodification of non-human animals: zooculture, pet industry, agribusiness
Animals
are integrated into a world ecology that, according to Jason Moore,
relies on the “cheapening of nature,” which allows humans to shamelessly
exploit nonhuman animals. While discussions of, for example, zoo
animals and animals in theme parks are long-established by now, the
exploitation of animals has taken different dimensions in recent years
that warrant closer examination, such as the exploitation of pets and
their keepers’ feelings by the pet industry. Likewise, documentaries
such as The Conservation Game have shown how not only the trade
in “exotic” animals is booming in the US but how media figures that
purportedly publicly represent animal welfare, in fact, profit off
animal exploitation.
• Animal science: research, experimentation, and animal-assisted therapy
Nonhuman
animals have been objects of scientific interest for a variety of
reasons and aims, often raising ethical concerns and controversies.
Besides their zoological study, animals have been used as research
commodities and test subjects in processes that range from drug and
beauty product testing to the creation of human-animal hybrids (e.g.
xenotransplantation). Animals have also been increasingly used in
therapeutic contexts, giving rise to debates on the effectiveness of the
practice.
• Animals in popular discourse
We
might be witnessing the first stages of the sixth mass extinction. And
while plants, fungi, and other lifeforms also vanish at an alarming
rate, popular discourse focuses on the disappearance of animals from
Earth. This is just one example of how animals figure in a variety of
popular discourses and practices including, but not limited to, wildlife
protection vs. agricultural interests, wildlife vs. recreation (e.g.
black bears killing hikers and mountain lions snatching mountain bikers
off their bikes), domestic cats as invasive species, the Asian “murder
hornet” invasion, de-extinction science, animals and climate change,
re-wilding, and public science (e.g. photographing sharks to identify
them).
Deadline for submission: April 24, 2022
We
accept abstract proposals for individual presentations (≈ 300 words) or
full panels (3-4 presenters, ≈ 250-word description of panel plus
abstracts of all papers—these abstracts may be shorter than abstracts
for individual presentations). Please, email your proposal to popmec.animals@gmail.com as a single attachment (.doc, .docx, .odt) including name, affiliation (if any), and contact email.
Update: In response to popular demand, we also welcome proposals for video essays.
We will feature video essays on the website and participants will be
able to comment on the videos. You can submit a proposal as indicated
above (for either one individual submission or a cluster of videos),
specifying that it is a video essay; if you’d like to discuss your video
essay live, please just mention it in your email so that we can
organize the video essay session in the best way possible. Please note
that video essays are not pre-recorded presentations.
If you have any doubt or inquiry, feel welcome to drop a line at popmec.animals@gmail.com
The conference will take place virtually, tentatively on 12-16 September 2022.
Since we expect that presenters from all across the globe will
participate in the conference, real-time presentations will take place
between c. 4 and 9PM Central European Summer Time. A series of virtual
keynote events will precede the conference.
Participation fees will be between 10 and 20€ (free for PopMeC and AACCP members).
The organizers may decide to pursue a publication project based on the conference.
Organizers: Michael Fuchs and Anna Marta Marini
Assistant organizer: Dina Pedro
Advisory committee: Trang Dang, Ester Díaz, Mónica Fernández Jiménez, Dolores Resano, Alejandro Rivero Vadillo
